Theory-driven approaches:
Attribution Methodology: Wallom discusses the use of attribution methodology to determine the impact of climate change on phenomena like bark beetle infestations. This methodology is based on creating hypotheses (e.g., "This event has been made more likely because of climate change") and testing these against observed data, relying heavily on semantic understanding of climate impacts and ecological dynamics.
Data-driven approaches:
The use of simulations to model how high temperatures affect railway tracks and the performance of power transmission systems under heat stress showcases a data-driven approach. These simulations likely employ computational models that input large datasets to predict outcomes based on existing patterns without necessarily understanding the underlying physical principles. Furthermore, discussing the prioritization of upgrades in railway networks based on usage and the potential introduction of speed restrictions involves data-driven optimization algorithms. These algorithms analyze traffic flow data and other quantitative inputs to provide recommendations for infrastructure improvements.
Throughout the interview, both approaches intertwine, with theoretical models providing the framework and principles underlying the predictions, while data-driven methodologies handle large datasets and complex simulations to offer practical solutions and forecasts.