Unless global warming is limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre industrial levels, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts that we will face severe climate impacts in the near future. To prevent this, however, we will need to halve greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and completely stop relying on them by the early 2050s.
The IPCC generates its predictions through climate models and assessments of current scientific research. These models incorporate vast amounts of data on past and present climate conditions, including temperatures, greenhouse gas concentrations, and ice core samples. By analyzing trends and understanding Earth's climate system, the IPCC can project future climate conditions under various scenarios, which involve different levels of greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation efforts.